Forensic Engineers and Consultants

Archive: Industrial

Machinery Directive VS Machinery Regulation – A Notable Change

In 2023, the new European Machinery Regulation was published which replaces the 2006 Machinery Directive.  The 2023 Machinery Regulation is slated to be entered into force and application on January 20, 2027.  A number of changes and/or clarifications are included in this new Machinery Regulation, not the least of which is the definition for “substantial modification.” Read More

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Pollen Can Cause More Than Allergies

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Slip and falls occur when there is an unexpected loss of traction between a person’s foot and the walking surface, causing them to lose balance and fall.  This type of injury is common and can occur in any setting where people walk, including homes, workplaces, and public areas. Slips can result in serious injuries, particularly for older adults.

The human gait cycle consists of four phases: the Read More

Fire Sprinkler History and Development

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Did you know that I’m passionate about fire protection? Instead of proving it with stories recounting soakings by numerous fire hydrant, fire pump, and deluge system tests, I will share more about fire sprinklers! (Working on solidifying my fire sprinkler nerd status!)

Automatic fire sprinklers have an over 150-year history, with Henry S. Parmelee being credited with Read More

Springing Forward into the Dangers of Fatigued Driving

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Every spring, the United States shifts the clocks forward one hour creating an extra hour of light in the evenings. However, this shift may be linked to a slight increase in fatal traffic accidents immediately following the time change. It is theorized that the increase in fatal traffic accidents is due to two things: people losing an hour of sleep and the low illumination conditions of morning commuters. Read More

Binocular and Monocular Cues in Depth Perception

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Depth perception is an essential aspect of interacting with and navigating the world for people. Depth perception is the ability to perceive the world in three dimensions (3D). It allows people to judge how far away objects are, how they relate spatially to one another, and how they can successfully interact with them. Depth perception is a critical aspect of vision that enables activities like Read More

New Year, New HVAC Refrigerant

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As we ring in the new year 2025, a significant change is coming for several heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVACR) systems that are currently used in both residential and commercial applications.  The 2020 American Innovation & Manufacturing (AIM) Act is bipartisan legislation that was signed into law.  The AIM legislation empowers the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to reduce the production and consumption of hydroflourocarbons HFCs by 85 percent by the year 2035. Read More

Safety Distance in Machine Safeguarding

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Hazard can be defined as a potential source of harm.  Machine safeguarding seeks to protect people from these potential sources of harm.  Often distance from a hazard will play a key role in providing a means of protection.

One would often think of distance as it relates to the location of a barrier guard from a hazard.  ANSI B11.19, Performance Criteria for Safeguarding, defines safety distance as “the distance a safeguard is installed from a hazard such that individuals are not exposed to a hazard.”  An example from ANSI B11.19 of the recommended distance of a slotted opening in a barrier guard from a hazard is shown Read More

Why Pedestrians Overestimate Their Visibility: A Dive into the Psychology of Road Safety

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When we step out onto the road as pedestrians, most of us assume that we are easily visible to oncoming drivers. However, research shows that pedestrians frequently overestimate their visibility, especially at night or in low-light conditions. This overconfidence can lead to dangerous situations, contributing to accidents and fatalities. Understanding why pedestrians overestimate their visibility is crucial for improving road safety and preventing accidents. Read More

Human Factors and Halloween Hazards: Trip and Falls

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Trick-or-treating is a fun and festive activity, but it comes with certain hazards that can pose risks to children and even adults. In addition to vehicle and pedestrian collisions and accidents, tripping and falling while trick-or-treating is a common hazard, especially for children navigating unfamiliar and dimly lit areas at night.

Children and adults can face tripping hazards on walkways while trick-or-treating.

Tripping hazards can be mitigated through compliance with walkway safety standards such as ASTM F 1637-2021: Standard Practice for Safe Walking Surfaces. ASTM F1637 is a standard that provides Read More

Human Factors and Halloween Hazards: Vehicle/Pedestrian Collisions

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Trick-or-treating is a fun and festive activity, but it comes with certain hazards that can pose risks to children and even adults. In addition to trip and fall hazards while trick-or-treating, there is also an increased risk of vehicle/pedestrian collisions due to the increased pedestrian activity in the roadway at night.

Child trick or treating during Halloween in the roadway.

At night, there are two significant problems facing drivers that contribute to pedestrian/vehicle collisions: Read More

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